I want VS Code in Windows to use the same SSH config as my WSL Ubuntu environment. This will simplify SSH remoting from VS Code.

Edit /etc/wsl.conf in the Linux environment to enable file metadata tracking (so that Windows can track Linux file permissions) and set a restrictive umask so Windows files will default to a 700 permission set:

[automount]
options="metadata,umask=077"

Shut down WSL:

wsl.exe --shutdown

Wait ~10 seconds for WSL to fully terminate, then start it again.

Create a .ssh directory in your Windows home directory (from WSL), move the contents of your Linux ~/.ssh folder there, and then symlink it in place:

mkdir -p /mnt/c/Users/<user_name>/.ssh
mv ~/.ssh/* /mnt/c/Users/<user_name>/.ssh/
ln -s /mnt/c/Users/<user_name>/.ssh ~/.ssh

Verify permissions and adjust if necessary:

ls -l ~/.ssh/
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/*